Who composed more syncopated songs:
George Gershwin or Stephen Foster?
Approach:
There are many types of syncopation -- such as AGOGIC syncopation
and TONAL syncopation ...
For this demonstration, let's focus on so-called METRIC syncopation
-- when note-onsets don't coincide with the metric hierarchy.
Use the SYNCO command to characterize the degree of metric
syncopation for each moment in a sample of musical scores.
For this demonstration we will simply average the syncopation
for each measure of music. Five pieces will be compared for
both Gershwin and Foster.
The TIMEBASE command transforms the **kern representation so
that each line of code represents identical spans of time.
The METPOS command characterizes the metric position of each
sonority.
The SYNCO command measures the degree of metric syncopation
-- where high numbers are most syncopated.
Here is the appropriate humdrum command sequence:
timebase -t 8 score | metpos | synco -e
Average syncopation per measure:
Gershwin Foster
======== ======
0.31 0.08
0.13 0.06
0.30 0.08
0.42 0.05
0.08 0.00
On the basis of this small sample, Gershwin's songs appear to
have a higher degree of metric syncopatation than Foster's songs.