Cataloging Procedures Manual

Appendix 8: Title Access

Catalogers should pay attention to tagging and formatting titles in order to have proper title access. The title in the 245 field should appear as it does on the work, including initial articles, and the filing/indexing indicator (second indicator) should reflect any initial article (and its punctuation, spaces, etc.) prior to the first significant word of the title.

Several title fields do not have any indicators for initial non-filing characters; these include the 246 field, and subfield t (for title) in the 700, 710, and 711 fields.

A number of title fields allow for initial non-filing characters, but current practice is to omit the initial articles and indicate 0 (zero) non-filing characters. These include the uniform title fields (130, 240, 730), and the 740 field.

Title access in the 245 field:
The first indicator is 0 for title main entry; 1 for title added entry (i.e. have a 100, 110, or 111 field in the record).
The second indicator is 0-9 for number of non-filing characters.

Second indicator:

The number of non-filing characters is 0 (zero) unless the title begins with a definite or indefinite (initial) article (a, an, the -- and their equivalents in other languages).

Diacritical marks or special characters at the beginning of a title field that does not begin with an initial article are not counted as non-filing characters.

Examples:
245 00 "Full steam ahead!"
245 00 [Diary]
245 10 --and then there were none
When the title begins with an initial article, count the article, diacritics associated with the article, any blank space, an alif, an ayn, or any mark of punctuation preceding the first filing character. Do not count a diacritic associated with the first filing character (the alif and ayn are not diacritics; they are special spacing characters not considered for filing). This is a change in MARC 21.

Examples:
245 12 A field guide to wildflowers
245 12 L'enfant criminal
245 13 Le petit prince
245 14 The life of the mind
245 15 [The golden legend]
245 18 The … annual report {annual is first filing word}
Watch for initial articles in names, which should not be omitted in filing:

Examples:
245 10 El Cid
245 10 Le Corbusier's formative years

Order of subfields in 245 field:

Normally: title proper |h[GMD] :|bother title information / |cstatement of responsibility

Example:
245 00 Thinking and reasoning |h[electronic resource]:|bselected readings /|cedited by P.C. Watson and P.N.Johnson-Laird
However, numbers of parts (subfield n) and names of parts (subfield p) are generally considered to be part of the title proper and to precede the GMD. In October 2001, these fields became repeatable. Now they can follow a subfield a (title proper), b (other title information), n (number of), p (name of part).
Examples:
245 00 Journal of polymer science. |nPart A. |pGeneral papers|h[microform]

245 10 Annual report of the Minister of Supply and Service Canada under the Corporation and Labor Unions Returns Act. |n Part II. |pLabour unions |h[electronic resource] = |bRapport annuel du ministre des provisionnements et services Canada pr´esent´e sous l'empire et des syndicats ouvriers. |n Partie II. |p Syndicats ouvriers.

Title access in the 246 field:
Use for titles for the whole work, which need access in addition to that in the 245 field.

(Titles for analytics within the work go in a 740 field.)

Use first indicators as listed in OCLC's Bibliographic formats and standards.

The second indicator is tricky since it is not for filing title.

Carefully check the second indicator for copy cataloging and correct it when it is being used as a filing indicator.

Second indicators include:

0 = Portion of title
1 = Parallel title
2 = Distinctive title
3 = Other title
4 = Cover title
5 = Added title page title
6 = Caption title
7 = Running title
8 = Spine title

Many of the second indicators were established for serials, but they are now used for any format.

246 first indicator 1, subfield i followed by subfield a gives the opportunity to describe other special situations:

Some of these situations include:

At head of title
Panel title {for maps}
Title on container
Also known as
Publisher's catalog title

Title access through the 700, 710, 711 (Author/title added entry) fields:
Because the filing indicators only govern subfield a, subfield t (|t) must be entered as it would be searched, i.e. initial articles should be eliminated when they do not refer to a name within a title. (The form searched could be considered the uniform title.)

If any of these titles are for analytics, the second indicator would be 2.

Title access through 740 field:
This field is now used for tracing analytics (such as titles which appear in the contents notes) or related titles (which are not given under author). Added title entries for the complete work are given in the 246 field described above. The first indicator specifies the number of characters to be omitted in filing; current practice is to omit the initial articles, and tag the first indicator as 0 (zero). The second indicator of 2 is used for analytics; it is blank for any titles which are not analytics.

II. Uniform Titles

Uniform titles are defined as:

The particular title by which a work is to be identified for cataloging purposes as found in an authority record.
- Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, not Huckleberry Finn
- Hamlet, not Tradegy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke or Tragicall historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke)
The particular title used to distinguish the heading for a work from the heading for a different work

Genesis (Anglo-Saxon poem)
Genesis (Book of the Bible) which is cross reference to the uniform title: Bible. O.T. Genesis
GENESIS (Computer file) [stands for General neural simulation system which is a cross reference]
Genesis (Middle High German poem)

A conventional collective title used to collate publication of an author, composer, or corporate body containing several work or extracts, etc. from the several works (i.e. Selected works; Collected works)

Uniform titles are entered in the following fields. Although some of the fields (130, 240, 730, 830) have indicators to indicate number of non-filing characters, current practice is to omit initial articles and tag the indicator as 0 (zero).

130 Uniform title as main entry
240 Uniform title which is not a main entry.
730 Uniform title as added entry
830 Series added entry uniform title

Uniform titles can also appear in the 700, 710, 711 fields (described above) or the 800, 810, 811 fields (relatively infrequent)

Uniform titles can have subfields. The most common non-music of these include:

|f date (discussed below)
|k form (such as |kSelections)
|l language (such as |lFrench; |lFrench & English)
|n number of part/section of work (such as |nBook 6; |nNo.3)
|p name of part/section of work (such as |pVirginia; |pElementary grades)

Guidelines for assigning uniform titles:

Full/mixed cataloging:

Assign uniform titles (translated titles, collective titles, etc.) for all full-level original cataloging, following the rules set out in Chapter 25 of AACR2, revised.

Copy cataloging:

Accept a uniform title that appears on Library of Congress (DLC) or member-contributed cataloging copy, unless it is manifestly wrong in any given instance, in which case either correct the uniform title or delete it from the record. Edit subfield f as below.
Optionally, for copy cataloging, add appropriate uniform title to any VIRGO record when the original title (translation or earlier title in the same language) is readily available either in a note in the record or in the book being cataloged, or when the correct collective uniform title is readily apparent. If either the need for a uniform title, or the correct uniform title is not readily apparent, catalogers need not assign a uniform title.
If the work is entered under a personal author or corporate body (100 or 110), add the uniform title in the 240 field and set the first indicator to 1. If the work is entered under title, tag the uniform title as 130; do not add |f date, except for Bible entries, which always use the date. Do not add |f date for other types of uniform titles.
Authority work - See Appendix 3.

III. Title Entry Guidelines

See 2002 LCRI # 4 http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/rev21-30j.pdf for extensive guidelines (29 pages)

Title entries should be made for the title proper when the main entry is a personal heading, corporate heading, or uniform title.

This includes when the title proper is a generic word or phrases such as Journal of, Proceedings of, Annual report, etc. when the main entry is a corporate body or conference {many years ago title entries were not made for these}.

Title added entries should be made for variant titles, i.e. versions of titles, which are considered necessary for access. These situations include but are not limited to:

Cover titles
Caption titles
Running titles
Panel titles
Titles from containers
Title bar titles
Parallel titles
Changes of title proper of serial that is not a major change
Title proper of an earlier iteration of an integrating resource
Analytical titles when not cataloged on separate records

Other situations when additional title added entries should be made include:

Spelled out vs. symbols, numerals, or initialisms/acronyms:
245 10 XX centuries & Mt. St. Helens …
246 3 Twenty centuries and Mount Saint Helens …
246 3 20 centuries and Mount Saint Helens …
Abbreviations (when they occur within the first five words if cataloger thinks that user might reasonably look under the spelled out form):
245 10 Mt. St. Helens
246 3 Mount Saint Helens
245 10 St. Achatz am Walde
246 3 Sankt Achatz am Walde

245 10 St. Louis blues
246 3 Saint Louis blues [we have not made]
Ampersand (used within the first five words)
245 10 A & B roads & motorways atlas of Great Britain
246 3 A and B roads and motorways atlas of Great Britain

Table of Contents

Appendix 9A

Rev. 10/22/03

Cataloging Procedures Manual

Appendix 8: Title Access

Contents:

I. MARC Tags for Titles

II. Uniform Titles

III. Title Entry Guidelines